Bible Study Handouts

Overview Study on Prophets in the Bible

Definition of Prophecy and Prophets

Prophecy is a divine message or revelation communicated by God to humanity, often concerning future events, moral teachings, or guidance for living a righteous life. It serves as a means for God to communicate His will and purposes to His people.

Prophets are individuals chosen and appointed by God to deliver His messages. They serve as intermediaries between God and the people, often conveying warnings, encouragement, and instructions. In the Bible, prophets played a crucial role in the spiritual and social life of the Israelite community and beyond.

Biblical Prophets

1. Types of Prophets:

1. Major Prophets

1. Isaiah: Known for his prophecies about the coming Messiah (Isaiah 9:6-7).
2. Jeremiah: Warned of the impending Babylonian exile (Jeremiah 1:4-10).
3. Ezekiel: Spoke about the restoration of Israel (Ezekiel 37:1-14).
4. Daniel: Gave prophecies concerning the end times (Daniel 2:44-45).

2. Minor Prophets: 

1. Hosea: Used his marriage as a metaphor for God’s relationship with Israel (Hosea 1:2).
2. Amos: Called for justice and righteousness (Amos 5:24).
3. Micah: Prophesied the birthplace of the Messiah (Micah 5:2).

2. Roles and Responsibilities:

1. Messenger: Delivering God's messages to the people (Jeremiah 1:7).
2. Intercessor: Praying for the people (Exodus 32:11-14).
3. Social Critic: Calling out injustices (Isaiah 1:17).
4. Foreteller: Predicting future events (Isaiah 46:10).

3. Characteristics of Biblical Prophets:

1. Called by God through visions or direct communication (Isaiah 6:8).
2. Faced opposition and persecution (Jeremiah 20:1-2).
3. Demonstrated a deep personal relationship with God (Exodus 33:11).
4. Used symbolic actions to convey messages (Ezekiel 4:1-3).

Similarities Between Biblical and Modern-Day Prophets

1. Divine Calling: Both biblical and modern-day prophets claim to be called by God (Jeremiah 1:5; Ephesians 4:11-12).
2. Role as Messengers: Both serve as intermediaries, communicating God’s will (2 Corinthians 5:20).
3. Moral and Ethical Teachings: Both emphasize justice and righteousness (Micah 6:8; Matthew 23:23).
4. Spiritual Insight: Both possess spiritual understanding (1 Corinthians 12:10).

Differences Between Biblical and Modern-Day Prophets

1. Scriptural Authority:
   1. Biblical Prophets: Their messages are recorded in the Bible and considered authoritative (2 Timothy 3:16-17).
   2. Modern-Day Prophets: Their messages are not included in the canon of scripture and are subject to interpretation (1 John 4:1).

2. Cultural Context:
   1. Biblical Prophets: Operated in ancient Israel (1 Kings 18:17-18).
   2. Modern-Day Prophets: Function in diverse cultural contexts and address contemporary issues (Romans 12:2).

3. Recognition and Acceptance:
   1. Biblical Prophets: Recognized by their communities (1 Samuel 10:6).
   2. Modern-Day Prophets: Recognition can vary widely (Matthew 10:41).

4. Nature of Prophecy:
   1. Biblical Prophets: Often included specific predictions (Isaiah 53; Micah 5:2).
   2. Modern-Day Prophets**: May focus more on personal guidance (Acts 21:10-11).